Reading the Old Testament Essay - 1187 Words

The Old Testament and the Bible itself has been studied extensively for centuries. Archeologists and Scholars have labored and pondered over texts trying to decipher its clues. It does not matter how many times the Old Testament has been studied there will always be something new to learn about it or the history surrounding it. In the book Reading the Old Testament: an Introduction, the author Lawrence Boadt presents us with a few different authors of the Old Testament that used different names for God and had a unique insight into the texts. These four sources are titled P for priests, E for Elohim, J for Jehovah, and Y for Yahweh (95). These four unique sources help us realize that there is more than one author of the Pentateuch. These†¦show more content†¦The sources that do not come from the bible specifically are ones that have everything to do with it but show some insight as to the history of it. They help peel a little off the mystery that the bible is surrounded by. The Nova website gives us an insurmountable amount of information about the archeology, history, and thoughts on the bible. Therefore without these sources, we would be in the dark on what was behind the bible and without that knowledge people would be more skeptical of the bible that has no background to as how it came to be in existence. If there was no history or sources behind it then we would have no idea why these authors felt compelled to write anything and what their culture was like that influenced it. Most importantly we would never be able to answer the question, who wrote the bible? Higher criticism are techniques of analysis to find out what circumstances surrounded the writing of the bible, how many versions there are, and plenty of other questions (Boadt 80). One of these criticisms is source criticism which is also called â€Å"literary criticism.† This deals with whether earlier to the written word we have if there were others before and how they were incorp orated into the present text (Boadt 81). In the bible especially in the Pentateuch there is a considerable amount of evidence in the text of more than oneShow MoreRelatedReading The Old Testament Prophets1045 Words   |  5 PagesFor the second part of this assignment, apply the information and insights on reading the Old Testament prophets to a specific passage we have studied this module/week in the Isaiah course. Write an essay on 1 of these passages: Isaiah 1:1–19; 2:1–22; 3:1–26; or 5:8–30. What genres, themes, and literary features of prophetic passages, in general, do you see in these specific texts? Try to focus not just on what the prophet is saying, but how he communicates his message in a way to get the attentionRead MoreJewish And Christian Sacred Text1001 Words   |  5 PagesJewish and Christian Sacred Text For years people have had a hard time distinguishing the difference between Christians and Jews. Even when reading about these two religions, they are very similar. There are two main differences that stand out the most amongst these religions. One of them is that Christians believe that Jesus is the Messiah while Jews believe He was a prophet. The other difference is their opinions on sacred text. Jewish people and Christians both have sacred text; however, ChristiansRead MoreBible Critical Reflection1108 Words   |  5 Pagesinterpret it for myself, but that is technically not reading the bible with a critical analysis. I never went to the Bible thinking about how that passage applied to anyone else but me, or who that passage was written to, or the historical context, and I think that was somewhat of a detriment. When you read the bible critically you should be reading without your own natural biases that you have accumulated over a life time, but instead you should be reading wi th the pretense that you have never read itRead MoreThe Old Testament And New Testament1373 Words   |  6 Pagesstudies in the New Testament. The New Testament catches many attentions because it describes Jesus’ life and birth of the church. As people focus more on the New Testament, the Old Testament is viewed as an unnecessary book to read. Christians have debated whether the Old Testament is needed to be read. Many Christians have claimed that the Old Testament is unnecessary to the biblical study with the New Testament containing all the study materials needed. Even so, Old Testament is vital literatureRead MoreHow We Got The Bible1382 Words   |  6 Pagesbackground knowledge of what country or if it were the Romans that actually created the Bible. In this world there has been several theories that the Romans were the ones that wrote it or it was the English that wrote it and printed it out. After reading the book â€Å"How we got the Bible† by Neil R. Lightfoo t, it gave me the right knowledge and understanding of who wrote the wonderful collection of books. Understanding how we got the Bible means that we have to know how it was written, on what it wasRead MoreBoring s Introduction Of The New Testament898 Words   |  4 PagesBoring’s Introduction to the New Testament, was a very interesting book. It detailed just about everything you would want to know about the New Testament and then some. He left no stone unturned in taking you deep into the history of every book and just about every writer that wrote the books of the New Testament. Boring is a very detailed writer, he takes you beyond what you think that you might know and in his own way breaks it down in a kind of complex way. The title explains the subject justRead MoreThe Old Testament And New Testament1704 Words   |  7 Pagesthe Old Testament to discover the story and character of God that is concealed within the pages of the Old Testament stories. By taking a little time to understand the context of the stories in the Old Testament readers can see the faithfulness, loving nature, and kindness of God. Most times people are dissuaded from reading the Old Testament books because they assume God is mean and harsh within those pages, but that simply isn’t the truth. God is revealed in every story in the Bible – Old TestamentRead MoreReview of The Epic of Eden1494 Words   |  6 PagesThe Epic of Eden: A Christian Entry into the Old Testament. Sandra L. Richter, InterVarsity Press, 2008. ISBN: 978-0-8308-2577-6 Albert Einstein once said â€Å"Peace cannot be kept by force; it can only be achieved by understanding.† This is an extremely powerful quote, and I will seek to convey its strength, as applied to our lives as Christians, upon the careful review of Sandra L. Richter’s The Epic of Eden: A Christian Entry into the Old Testament. Richter designed this text as merely a toolRead MoreProphets1005 Words   |  5 Pagesparallels that have been drawn between the books of the prophets and the New Testament does not necessarily mean that they were able to predict the future—it means that the New Testament authors such as Matthew had either heard or could refer back to the writings of the Old Testament prophets such as Isaiah, Micah, and Hosea. The problem is not that the authors of the New Testament were trying to build a bridge to the old; the problem is that over time the people have come to think like Borg did inRead MoreSeized By Truth: Reading The Bible As Scriptur e Is Written1048 Words   |  5 PagesSeized by Truth: Reading the Bible as Scripture is written by Joel Green, a New Testament scholar, and Professor of New Testament Interpretation at Fuller Theological Seminary in Pasadena, California. Prof. Green, has participated and contributed greatly on a wide range of topics related to both New Testament scholarship and theology. In Green’s book, he states Reading the Bible as you would read any other book does not support a reading of the Bible as Scripture (2). â€Å"This way of engaging the

Shakespeares King Lear - The Redemption of King Lear Essay

The Redemption of King Lear It is said that no other playwright illustrates the human condition like William Shakespeare. Furthermore, it is said that no other play illustrates the human condition like King Lear. The story of a bad king who becomes a good man is truly one of the deepest analyses of humanity in literary history; and it can be best seen through the evolution of Lear himself. In essence, King Lear goes through hell in order to compensate for his sins. Lears relationship with his three daughters, Goneril, Regan and Cordelia, is, from the beginning, very uncharacteristic of the typical father-daughter relationship. Its clear that the king is more interested in words than true feelings, as he†¦show more content†¦When he chooses to abdicate his throne and puts each of the young women on trial, he commits the sin that leads to his downfall. Its clear that Lears first motive for giving up his title is to gain further respect from his people - if he relinquishes his crown then hell be thought of as noble and aware of his old age. However, Cordelias surprising answer to his question results in her banishment, and eventually the banishment of the Earl of Kent, Lears former supporter. Left in the aftermath of these acts are the people who wish to use Lear in their favor. Persuaded by Edmund, Lears older daughters begin to abuse their new power. Feeling emotionally jilted and vengeful, they take everything from their fa ther. Lear is now just a vulnerable old man, naked and virtually alone. Truly, Lear is at fault for all of this as his favoritism for Cordelia has scarred Goneril and Regan, thus driving them to commit their treacherous acts. These acts represent the first stages of Lears hell. Lear, through his daughters betrayal, finds himself struggling to survive in the middle of an overwhelming tempest. Now mad, the king finds shelter with Gloucester, his Fool and Edgar, posing as a madman. King Lear decides to hold a second trial of his daughters; but this time, he is questioning all their love. This second of three trials in the play is possibly the mostShow MoreRelated Tragic Redemption of King Lear Essay1642 Words   |  7 PagesThe Tragic Redemption of King Lear Shakespeares ultimate Tragedy, King Lear, is indeed a dark and soul-harrowing play. The tragic madness of King Lear, and of the subsequent turmoil that follows from it, is all the more terrible for the kings inability to cope with the loss of his mind, his family, and his pride. This descent into horror culminates at the tragic conclusion, where both the innocent and the guilty die for others mistakes and lack of judgment. And yet, as bleakRead MoreThe Tragic Hero Of King Lear1310 Words   |  6 PagesKing Lear, one of William Shakespeare’s greatest tragedies, depicts a society in uninviting circumstances. Tragedy is depicted by the downfall of a noble hero, usually through a combination of arrogance and fate. The tragic hero s wish to achieve a goal encounters limits, those of human inability, the gods, or nature. As with all tragedies, there exists a tragic hero, one who possesses a calamitous flaw that establishes the tragedy and all the sufferings that follow. In this play, the tragic heroRead More Artistic Form in King Lear1240 Words   |  5 Pages King Lear has remained one of Shakespeare’s best works, and one of the best tragedies of all time, since the beginning of the 17th century; however, some early critics believe that certain elements of the story do not satisfy the criteria for a proper tragedy. The two plot elements under speculation are the subplot and the catastro phic ending. The primary focus of the story is set on the elderly King Lear, whose pride and greed blinds him, causing him to banish his only pure daughter, Cordelia,Read MoreWilliam Shakespeare s King Lear1564 Words   |  7 Pageslaugh-invoking comedies or his heart-wrenching tragedies, Shakespeare’s plays have changed the course of literature. Many of his plays about love are widely praised by all, but Shakespeare s King Lear differs from the rest due to its definition of love. King Lear serves as an battleground between deception and compassion, between flattery and honesty. Rather than focusing on romantic love, such as in Romeo and Juliet, Shakespeare in King Lear explores the boundaries of filial love, a bond between aRead MoreEssay on King Lear is a Christian Play About a Pagan World1184 Words   |  5 PagesKing Lear is a Christian Play About a Pagan World It is evident that King Lear contains references to both the Christian and Pagan doctrine. However, they seem to be expressed in entirely different styles. King Lear is purposefully set in a pre Christian era with numerous references to classical Gods but conversely there appears to be a striking resonance of Christian theology throughout the play. These echoes appear in various forms including the idea of Edgar beingRead MoreOedipus As A Tragic Hero1445 Words   |  6 Pagesfulfilled. Consequently, due to the underlying corruption in Thebes, the people are perishing of a plague that will not cease until the man responsible for the death of the previous Theban King, King Laius, is identified and brought to justice. This urgency propels Oedipus to discover that his biological father is not the King of Corinth who raised him, rather Laius himself. This crisis is furthered by the reveal that not only did Oedipus assume Laius’ title, after he murdered him, the two men also shareRead MoreShakespeare s King Lear And The Winter s Tale1718 Words   |  7 Pagesprevailing theme in Shakespeare’s King Lear and The Winter’s Tale is the possibility of reconciliation. Both rulers, Lear and Leontes, allow their political authority to often clash with their internal flaws, but Shakespeare presents these characters in two different settings, each of which equally produce two a spects of redemption that are worthy of discourse. They resolve their mistakes, and with other characters and forcers within each play that aid in their restoration, Lear and Leontes come toRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s King Lear1495 Words   |  6 Pages5:43-44) Those who are subjected to treachery by those, whom they love, if they are truly good, loyal, and loving, will remain true to their oppressors. This is why love and goodness always prevail, even if only by a small degree. In William Shakespeare’s King Lear, the majority of characters are ruthless and without pity. They do everything for their own personal gain and not that of anyone else. What makes this play a tragedy however, is not only the selfishness of those characters, but the purityRead More Essay on The Redemption of King Lear950 Words   |  4 Pages The Redemption of King Lear?nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp; nbsp; Shakespeare’s play, King Lear is quite renowned and the folly of the ancient King is a great example of how not to handle family relationships. The question has been proposed nbsp;if King Lear is redeemed when reunited with Cordelia. King Lear does achieve a kind of redemption when he is reunited with Cordelia in Acts IV and V of the tragedy.nbsp; What kind of redemption he achieves is open to interpretation.nbsp;Read MoreShakespeares Greatness: Much Ado About Nothing, and King Lear1425 Words   |  6 Pagesplay and the course of the story is thrown from the norm and into the conflict. Shakespeare was a master of this art in the work he produced throughout his life and was able to create stories of humor and those of tragedy. For example, his play King Lear is a terrible tragedy in which many awful things take place and the story ends by disastrous means. While in the play Much Ado About Nothing, very little conflict is present and if it is, it is resolved quickly and the play concludes with the joyfulness

Psychoanalytic Criticism of A Rose for Emily Free Essays

Psychoanalytic Criticism of A Rose for Emily A Rose for Emily is a sad story about a woman who struggles with being unable to cope with the death of her father and being a lonely woman. It is broken into 5 sections in which in each part the narrator shifts the point of view. In section 1 the story starts off at Miss Emily’s funeral. We will write a custom essay sample on Psychoanalytic Criticism of A Rose for Emily or any similar topic only for you Order Now The funeral is taking place at her home and many people come to pay their respects and also are curious to see the inside of the house. No one had seen the inside of the house besides the manservant for 10 years. Throughout the story we see the struggles a woman has with loneliness, depression and even necrophilia. Miss Emily’s character has many mental problems. Her biggest problem that we see her struggles with is denial. Several times through out the story she struggles with the denial of big issues. Sometimes it’s the death of a person or other times it was denying the fact that she owed taxes. Another struggle that she deals with is the fear of abandonment, which that seems to be what brought on her denial. Growing up her father was very controlling and when her father passes I think she has trouble dealing with not having a controlling figure in her life. That is what brought on the denial of her father’s death. That denial also plays a role in her necrophilia problem later in the story. The first of Miss Emily’s problem is denial. In a couple of cases we see that her denial is a big problem for her. We first see her denial take place when she takes place when the narrator talks about how she avoided paying taxes. This seems minor at this point because the town had told her that she owed no taxes, and in fact that the city owed her money from her fathers loan to the town. The loan was false but when her father passed she was left with only a house. Since she was thought of by the town as â€Å" a tradition, a duty and a care† (pg. 148). the town decided to help her out. They didn’t think she would take charity money so they made up the lie. When the younger people started taking over the town they sent her a letter to pay her taxes. She insisted that she owed nothing to the town. The leaders of the town sent a couple of letters to her but got no return. Back and forth it went until they decided to go to her house and collect the money. After a brief discussion she forced them out of her home with out paying and telling them to talk to Colonel Sartoris because she has no taxes in Jefferson. Colonel Sartoris had died by this point but she was unaware because she wouldn’t leave her home. We see her deal with denial when the death of her father comes. The day after he died a group of ladies went up to the house to â€Å"offer condolences and aid† (pg. 151) and Miss Emily â€Å"met them at the door, dressed as usual and with no trace of grief on her face. † (pg. 51) She denied that her father was dead. For 3 days people went to her house trying to get her to let them dispose of the body. And right as they were about to use law and force she allowed them to take the body and burry him. This is when we first signs that she was gong crazy. However, the narrator does say that they didn’t think she was crazy at thi s point but â€Å"she had to do that. † (pg. 151) The third denial she faces is when she murdered Homer Barron. Her and Homer were seen together on several occasions out in town. Many people thought they would marry but then Homer was last seen entering her home. The people of Jefferson thought he had left town after that since he was never seen again. At the end we learn that she had killed him. His body was lying in an upstairs room. The room was set up almost like that of a room for a bridal. Although filled with dust, the narrator describes a room that at one time was decorated. Homer’s body was decayed and only the bones were left. There was evidence that she would lay beside him at night. She killed him because she was fearful of abandonment. In a way I think she thought she would always have him by killing him then leaving his body up stairs so she could lay with him until she died. We can look at how she treated death of her father and Homer as denial but it can also be looked at, as she feared abandonment as well. Growing up her father was very strict with her. She wasn’t allowed to date any man. Her father was extremely controlling over almost every part of her life. So when her father passed she didn’t want to admit it to herself because he was all she had as for as close family goes. I think she needed that controlling figure in her life. It’s obvious that she liked Homer and maybe she was scared he would leave her so she killed him. By doing that she would have him forever. Her love for Homer may have come due to the fact that she was like her dad. Even though her dad was controlling of her she had loved him dearly. She was longing for that controlling figure and that is why she fell for Homer. The narrator describes him as a â€Å"mans man†. (pg 152) His controlling tendencies were clear when he was seen cussing at the people he was over at work. Through out this story we see Miss Emily struggle with the inner demons of denial and fear of abandonment. I think Faulkner does a great job by showing how there is a mental affect of someone growing up in a controlling environment. How to cite Psychoanalytic Criticism of A Rose for Emily, Papers

Portfolio Organizational Processes and structure

Question: Discuss about the case study Portfolio for Organizational Processes and structure. Answer: Importance of organizational processes The processes of performing the business activities are important for the business organizations as the performance of the organizations are largely dependent on the processes adopted by the organization for accomplishing the necessary business activities of the organizations. There are different processes performing business activities and the organizations have to choose the right processes for their business activities because appropriate selection of the required business process improve the efficiency of the business organizations (Kadlec, 2012). There are many scholars are working on the business processes and intend to improve the business process so that the efficiency of the organization improve. Changing business environment The globalization and advancement of the technologies has largely changed the processes of doing business. Moreover, in last two decades the scenario has been immensely changed. Therefore, in order to competent with the change the business processes of the organizations have to be changed. The business process has to be complied with the changing business environment and the change management can help in fulfill the requirement of the changed business model. Process change methodology The change processes comprise with few certain steps which are as follows; initially the assessment of the needs for the changing, detect the required change and solution for the issue, deploy the necessary tools and techniques and resources in order to accomplish the necessary changes (M.E. de Waal and Batenburg, 2014). After that time to time checking of the deployed change is essential for measuring the effect of the changes. Therefore, in order accomplish the change successfully within the organization, the management and the employees have to be prepared for the change, I 2nd step the change must be managed, and last step is to reinforcing the change within the organization. In this way the change can be possible, which improve the potentiality of the business. Organizational structure Organizational structure is important for the business organization and all the organizations have definite structure that helps in improving the efficiency of the business organizations. The organization structure is usually the hierarchy of the members of the organization according to the function of the organization. The organization structure states the character of the organizations as well as the values of the organizations (Kadlec, 2012). Depending on the values of the organization as well as the features of the business the organizations intend to adopt a fixed structure in order to perform the business operation. There are mainly four different types of business structure as per the nature of the business; bureaucratic structure, divisional structure, functional structure, matrix structure. In bureaucratic structure, there are fixed levels of standardization, while the organization develop complex as well as large bureaucratic structure are needed for the management of the organization. In functional structure the organization use to be divided on the basis of the function, it allows the business organization to improve the efficiency of the business. The divisional structure divides the organization into the functional areas and each division use to be equipped with its own resources for functioning independently. In matrix structure the employees are placed in the organization on the basis of their function and eligibility. Business process performance Measurement Introduction The business process management process helps the organization to create the overview of the business process management with the creation of the competitive pressure with the creation of the advantages for underlining the business approaches. The definition of the process provides the approach for converting the inputs and the outputs. It also provides the resources of an organization which is seemed to be useful for the reliable and the repeatable achievement of the goals. A business process helps in the intention for the production of the business with repeating the cycle with reaching the business goals . Essentially, with the consideration of the predictable and the definable inputs with the linear and the logical sequence of the flow of the work, the management of the process carried out by the business helps in the creation of the appropriate approach with the construction of the approach. The measurement of the performance provides the critical approach with aiming the integr ation of the various managerial levels and the functions with the integration of PMS as the balancing tool. Rigorous process performance measurement system Rigorous process performance measurement system helps in the creation of the appropriate performance for the system with the consideration of the corporate and the functional strategies and the objectives. The objectives of the process of the functional activities help in the creation of the feedback for the system that enables the management decisions (Raynus, 2011). In this case the process performance management performance helps in the creation of management of the performance with the closed deployment of the feedback system, thereby helps in the facilitating the performance of the appropriate decision of the control process. The information system performance management process helps in the creation of the performance system provides the integration of the relevant and the tactical measurement of the relevant systems. Evaluation of the performance of process managers with the overall evaluation of organizational performance The evaluation of the process consists of the managers helps in the creation of the simple set of the objectives. The consideration of operation helps in the creation of the feasibility report that helps in understanding the guidance in order to create the track of the operation and thereby the management tool helps in the creation of the budgeting and the determining the effective management of the strategies for the appropriate development of the process managers performance (Weske, 2012). The measurement tool helps in the establishment of the critical process measurement with the appropriate evaluation of the customers requirements and thereby the identification of the specific and quantifiable results of the work. It also helps in the establishment of the targets that in one way helps in the creation of the quantifiable outputs with the appropriate creation of the opportunities for the measurement of the company. Conclusion The overall business process measurement helps in the creation of the opportunities for the appropriate need of the topic with the creation of the logical ways for the mitigation of the problems. This project provides the overview of this overall performance development of the measurement of the programs. Business Process Analysis Business process analysis is a set of activities that are undertaken by an organization in response to some initiating operation to generate valued results. A process can be extremely complex or very simple. The business process can be an operational or core process, a management process ad a support or enabling process (Al-Hakim and Memmola, 2009). The business process can be divided into three parts and combines analysis technique and issues with specific levels. One set of business process analysis techniques are used to improve or redesign higher level processes. Another set of process is used on the types of problems that arise in the middle of the business process (Grant, 2016) The other set of processes is appropriate at the bottom of the hierarchy. Simple and complex processes Simple business processes follow a well defined and consistent sequence of steps with clear defined rules. Each task or step scan be defined precisely and sequence lacks exceptions and branches. Complex business processes involve exceptions and branches draw on rules and it is less defined. It requires more initiative on part of the human performers (Grant, 2016). The workers are engaged in the tasks and jobs that require skill and knowledge. Nowadays, the workers are using advanced technology such as use of computers in order to manipulate or acquire the information that are required to perform their jobs. Process flow diagram The boundaries of process are defined by the exit and entry points of outputs and input of the process. The process flow diagram is considered as one of the most valuable tool to understand the business process by using graphic elements in order to represent flows, storage and tasks (Al-Hakim and Memmola, 2009) The flow diagram for the simple process that have three activities: The symbols in the process flow diagram are as follows: Rectangles: It represent tasks Arrows: It represents flow which includes flow of information and flow of material. Inverted triangles: It represents inventory. The storage represent work in the process inventory, raw material inventory and finished goods inventory. Circles: It represents storage of the information Business process problems The business process problem is the difference between what an organization desires and what exists now. Performance gap is the difference between the measures of performance of To-Be process ad As-Is process. Capabilities gap is the difference between how the tasks can be done and how they should or could be performed in the process. Process performance measures The operational managers are very much interested in the aspects of process such as quality, speed, flexibility and cost. The aspects of process performance measures are as follows: Process capacity: Process capacity measures the output rate of the operations. Capacity utilization: It is the process capacity percentage that is actually being used. Flow time: The time required by the business process from entry point to exit point Work in process: Inventory amount in the process Labor utilization: The number of labor utilized in the process. Business Process Improvement Methodologies Introduction The business process improvement helps in the consideration information process with including the software tools for the enhancement of the process. it also helps in the creation of the simulation process for the enhancement of the appropriate methodologies with the provision of focus on the improvements. It also consists of the different techniques for the appropriate implementation of the tools and thereby it also helps in the creation of the enhancement with the consideration of the current techniques. Software Tools for Business Process Analysis and Design The analysis of the software helps in the consideration of the appropriate tools thereby helps in the provision of the appropriate designing and documentation of the IT applications. It also helps in providing different analysis techniques with the appropriate mitigation of the process. It thereby helps in the creation of the report process and also helps in reporting various facilities in order to enhance the growth of the process of the KPIs and also helps in the creation of the optimization process (Glykas, 2013). It also provides the various strategies for the sharing of the corporate governing of the share and thereby the collaboration of the improvements helps in governing the stakeholders base with the creation of the base portal. The designing and the documentation of the continuous process improvement helps in the creation of the profit with governing the business process and the IT architecture. The flexible business processes with the assurance of the IT agile reactions to changing the conditions of the market. Business Process Management Suites The business process management site is a tool to design, improve and implement a set of activities that would accomplish organizational goal. It helps to provide improvement in the business process by giving modeling tools and process discovery, workflow engines, testing tools and business rule engines. Business analysts, process professionals, IT workers and developers can utilize the business process management process suite to improve effectively organizational efficiency, profitability, productivity and efficiency (Weske, 2007). The business process management suite supports the business operations such as complex event processing, business activity monitoring and real time analytics. It also includes social, collaborative and mobile capabilities. Conclusion This part of the report provides the appropriate enhancement of the business process management with the creation of the software process analysis and the design. It also helps in the creation of the process for the enhancement of the factors and thereby provides the appropriate strategies for the enhancement of the strategies. References Glykas, M. (2013).Business process management. Berlin: Springer. Raynus, J. (2011).Improving business process performance. Boca Raton: CRC Press. Weske, M. (2012).Business process management. Berlin: Springer. Al-Hakim, L. and Memmola, M. (2009).Business web strategy. Hershey: Information Science Reference. Grant, D. (2016). Business analysis techniques in business reengineering.Business Process Mgmt Journal, 22(1), pp.75-88. Weske, M. (2007).Business process management. Berlin: Springer. Kadlec, J. (2012). Twoà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ dimensional process modeling (2DPM).Business Process Mgmt Journal, 18(6), pp.849-875. M.E. de Waal, B. and Batenburg, R. (2014). The process and structure of user participation: a BPM system implementation case study.Business Process Mgmt Journal, 20(1), pp.107-128.